Why is heparin given prior to the initiation of treatment?

Heparin is administered prior to the initiation of treatment primarily to ensure systemic distribution. It is an anticoagulant that helps prevent the formation of blood clots in the bloodstream, particularly in patients who may be undergoing procedures or treatments that increase the risk of thrombosis.

By preventing clot formation, heparin facilitates better perfusion and enables the therapeutic agents or fluids being administered to circulate more freely throughout the body. This systemic distribution is crucial in achieving effective concentrations of medications or treatments in various tissues, ensuring that the entire system is adequately supported during the treatment process.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of administering heparin. It does not reduce blood pressure, increase cardiac output, or enhance clotting factors; rather, it acts to inhibit clotting to maintain blood flow and distribution of therapeutic agents.