Why are chlorine and chloramphenicol added to city water?

Chlorine and chloramphenicol are primarily added to city water systems to reduce or eliminate harmful bacteria and other pathogens. Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant that effectively kills a wide range of microorganisms, ensuring that the water is safe for human consumption. By maintaining a residual level of chlorine in the water supply, water treatment facilities can provide ongoing protection against recontamination as the water travels through the distribution system.

Chloramphenicol, although used more sparingly and often as a supplement, can also serve as an antimicrobial agent that aids in preventing bacterial growth in water. The overall goal of adding these substances is to protect public health by ensuring that the drinking water is free from organisms that can cause diseases. Hence, their primary function is a protective measure against biological contaminants rather than altering mineral content, softening the water, or enhancing flavor.