Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of chlorine in water treatment?

Chlorine is primarily used in water treatment for its powerful disinfection properties. Its main function is to remove pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms from the water. By introducing chlorine into the water supply, it effectively kills these harmful organisms, helping to ensure that the water is safe for human consumption and use.

The ability of chlorine to penetrate cell walls and disrupt vital cellular functions makes it an effective agent in eliminating pathogens. This process is crucial in maintaining public health, as untreated water can pose significant health risks. Thus, the role of chlorine in water treatment is essential for protecting communities from waterborne diseases.

In contrast, softening of water involves the removal of hardness minerals, which is not the primary function of chlorine. Adjusting mineral content typically relates to processes that alter the composition of minerals in water rather than disinfection. Increasing water conductivity is more associated with the presence of dissolved ions and is not a direct function of chlorine in the context of its disinfection purpose. Therefore, the best match for the function of chlorine in water treatment is its role in the removal of pathogens.